Hypothyroidism is one of the most common hormonal problems I see in my clinic. It occurs when the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland in your neck, does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating your body’s metabolism, energy levels, and overall well-being.
In this blog, I’ll walk you through what hypothyroidism is, its causes, symptoms, and how it can be managed effectively.
What is Hypothyroidism?
Your thyroid gland produces hormones called T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). These hormones control how your body uses energy. When the thyroid slows down and makes less than required, it leads to hypothyroidism.
Common Causes of Hypothyroidism
Autoimmune disease (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) – The most common cause
Iodine deficiency or excess – Too little or too much iodine affects thyroid function.
Post-surgery or radiation – Removal or treatment of the thyroid gland.
Medications – Certain medicines can slow down the thyroid.
Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore
Hypothyroidism often develops slowly, and symptoms may be mistaken for stress or aging. Some key signs include:
- Persistent fatigue and low energy
- Weight gain despite no major changes in diet
- Hair loss, dry skin, and brittle nails
- Cold intolerance (feeling cold all the time)
- Constipation
- Depression, irritability, or poor concentration
- Irregular periods in women
If you have several of these symptoms, it’s a good idea to consult your doctor and get your thyroid levels checked.
Diagnosis
A simple blood test (TSH, T3, T4) confirms hypothyroidism. Your doctor may also check for thyroid antibodies if an autoimmune cause is suspected.
Treatment & Management
The good news is that hypothyroidism is easily manageable.
- Medication: The standard treatment is a daily tablet called Levothyroxine, which replaces the missing hormone.
- Regular follow-ups: Your dose may need adjustment depending on blood test results.
- Lifestyle support:
- Eat a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and whole grains.
- Avoid excessive intake of soy, cabbage, or processed foods.
- Exercise regularly to maintain energy and weight.
- Manage stress with yoga, meditation, or relaxation techniques.
Living Well with Hypothyroidism
With proper treatment, most people with hypothyroidism lead completely normal lives. The key is early detection, medication adherence, and regular monitoring.
Final Thoughts
If you suspect hypothyroidism, don’t delay getting tested. It’s a condition that is simple to diagnose and straightforward to treat — but only if caught early.
As a general physician, I always emphasise to my patients that health is a lifelong journey. Listen to your body, get regular check-ups, and never ignore persistent symptoms.
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